A Review: Textile Technologies for Single and Multi‐Layer Tubular Soft Tissue Engineering

In cell-free scaffold tissue engineering (TE), an essential prerequisite is the design to promote cellular activities and formation. The success greatly dependent upon nature of including composition, topography, mechanical performance. Recent TE approaches use textile technologies create biomimetic functional scaffolds similar extracellular matrix (ECM). hierarchical architecture fiber yarn fabric allows precise size-to-scale design. Moreover, offer a high degree manufacturing precision, reproducibility, potential industrial scalability. Although research in industry academia has increased significantly over past years, current fibrous designs don't fully exploit diversity structures. This review emphasizes hollow tubular textile-based that aim replace vasculature respiratory tissues. different techniques, is, electrospinning, weaving, knitting, braiding are discussed effect fiber, yarn, assembly highlighted. multi-layer hybrid structures, combining conventional techniques electrospinning can address challenges. Prospects structural fabrication anticipate profiled fibers, complex pattern for tissue-engineered scaffolds.